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Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer: Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow and multiply uncontrollably, damaging surrounding tissue and interfering with the normal function of the prostate. The cells can spread to other parts of the body. When the disease spreads, it is still called prostate cancer.
Can Prostate Cancer be found Early?
The American Cancer Society believes that health care professionals should offer the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE) yearly, beginning at age 50, to men who have at least a 10-year life expectancy. Men at high risk, such as African Americans and men who have a first-degree relative (father, brother, or son) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than age 65), should begin testing at age 45.
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What are the Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer?
All men are at risk for developing prostate cancer. About one man in six will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime, but only one man in 34 will die of this disease. About 80 percent of men who reach age 80 have prostate cancer. Besides being male, there are other factors, such as age, race, and family history that may contribute to the risk.
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What are the Symptoms of Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms for many years. By the time symptoms occur, the disease may have spread beyond the prostate. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Inability to urinate
- Trouble starting or holding back urination
- A weak or interrupted flow of urine
- Painful or burning urination
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Painful ejaculation
- Frequent pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs
These can be symptoms of cancer, but more often they are symptoms of noncancerous conditions. It is important to check with a doctor.
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Can Diet Influence Prostate Cancer Risk?
While the results of research studies are not yet clear, you may be able to reduce your risk of prostate cancer by changing the way you eat.
The American Cancer Society recommends choosing foods and beverages in amounts that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight, eating a variety of healthful foods with an emphasis on plant sources, and limiting your intake of red meats, especially high-fat or processed meats. Eat 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Whole-grain breads, cereals, rice, pasta, and beans are also recommended. These guidelines on nutrition may also lower the risk for some other types of cancer, as well as other health problems.
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